The Theme of Middle Ground among the Algonquian Indians of North America

The Theme of Middle Ground among the Algonquian Indians of North America History shows that the Algonquians were a huge gathering of North American locals made out of a few clans. The Algonquian involved broad territories in North America, reaching out from the Atlantic coast towards the Great Lakes Region (White 21).Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on The Theme of Middle Ground among the Algonquian Indians of North America explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More They involved prolific terrains along River St Lawrence and around all the Great Lakes. Despite the fact that the gathering was made out of a few clans with fluctuating tongues, their dialects were connected. Antiquarians utilize the term â€Å"Algonquian† regarding every single inborn gathering of Algonquian that communicated in some related dialects. Ostensibly, the Algonquians’ want to possess weapons, attire and utensils and the European scramble for America prompted the foundation of a â€Å"middle ground† in light of the fact that each gathering required each other’s help. Truly, the greater part of the Algonquian clans settled along streams and lakes in light of the fact that their central wellsprings of food were chasing, assembling and angling. In any case, southern gatherings likewise did cultivating, for the most part developing local harvests, for example, squash, beans and corn. A few gatherings, for example, the Ojibiwe likewise developed different yields, for example, wild rice to enhance their weight control plans (White 26). History likewise shows that the greater part of the Algonquian gatherings didn't settle in a stable situation. Rather, they moved with seasons because of occasional accessibility of sea-going nourishments, wild creatures and harvests. Be that as it may, they would recombine and settle as an enormous network at different occasions, particularly in winter seasons. What's more, some surrounding bunches in the south, particularly those in New England, built up a culture of move cultivating, which included developing area for a long time before moving their towns to new and prolific land for farming. Center ground is a term utilized by antiquarians concerning a state wherein two distinct networks, with various customs, dialects and societies, advance into a given geological area and show up at a typical origination of appropriate practices that advantage them with a particular goal in mind (White 32). A genuine case of how center ground is made is introduced by the association between the French and the Algonquian clans in the Great lakes Region and along the Atlantic Coast. As indicated by White (50), the main French brokers and pioneers showed up at the coast in the sixteenth century (White 52). Since the two gatherings were exchanging accomplices, their limits progressively â€Å"melted away† as each acknowledged the other in its regions. White (51) contends that it is difficult to decide if the procedure of collaboration between the two gathering s caused the strength of any of the two societies. For example, it isn't right to contend that the local Algonquians became â€Å"Frenchfied† or the French pioneers â€Å"became natives†. Be that as it may, the student of history contends that the two procedures may have occurred as each gathering progressively acknowledged the other (White 50). The making of the Middle Ground best clarifies the procedure through which the two gatherings came to coincide with each other.Advertising Looking for article on history? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to White, a â€Å"middle ground† was set up for various reasons. For example, both the Algonquian and Europeans were searching for land to support their requirements. It started with a huge movement of local Algonquian from the north as they escape from the Iroquois in the south. This occasion occurred somewhere in the range of 1640s and 1660s. Actually , history shows that the Iroquois were risky on the grounds that they had cooperated with European dealers sooner than the Algonquian. A far reaching exchange between the Europeans and the Iroquois caused the locals to get weapons, which they used to attack other more fragile gatherings, including the Algonquian. As the Algonquian escape northwards, they experienced the propelling Europeans, particularly the French. â€Å"The two gatherings created connection through Intermarriages, trade of endowments and services, for example, the calumet. Thus, this applied power among gatherings of individuals living in a solitary outcast place, however they lost their quality as they turned out to be a piece of another society† (White 22). The calumet, for example, was well known among the locals in North America. â€Å"The calumet started among the Pawnee clans, who professed to have gotten it from the sun† (White 21). Since the French pilgrims were confronting rivalry from the B ritons, they were quick to grow close relations with the Algonquian so as to accomplish their help. Thus, the French needed to interface with the locals in every potential manners, which prompted intermarriages between the two gatherings. As indicated by White (18) â€Å"Actual patrilineal association in North America was vigorously changed by certain components, for example, loss of the region based populace, broad intermarriage between various gatherings of individuals, and the making of different ties of real and emblematic family relationship between neighboring peoples† truth be told, the French required the locals more than the locals required the French because of the danger presented by the propelling British pilgrims and colonialists in the district. The Britons likewise did likewise with some Algonquian gatherings, along these lines making â€Å"the center ground†. The way toward making a center ground included the intercession of the two gatherings, the Algo nquians and the French. The procedure took quite a long while to be finished and included various stages. The initial step included a non-working state in which every one of the two gatherings was dubious of the other. Truth be told, being colonialists looking for minerals, crude materials and land, the French needed to control all assets in the zone. They needed to acquire the rights to utilize land for both creation and exchange. Be that as it may, the Algonquians were not ready to give up their land.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on The Theme of Middle Ground among the Algonquian Indians of North America explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The French caught or impacted a few components in the Algonquian gatherings and utilized them as doormen and interpreters in exchange. The French wanted to utilize power to control the Algonquians, however they were cautious since they relied upon the occupants for their endurance, including arrangement of local groceries. The third stage included a longing for the two gatherings to work with one another, particularly in exchange. While the French gave local people European dress, firearms, family things and medications, the Algonquian had the greatest job in finding a center ground since they had a lot of neighborhood food items. Likewise, they had the option to interface with different gatherings and their populaces were enormous. In this way, in spite of the fact that the French had firearms and other war materials, they were not ready to include the Algonquian in war. Hence, each gathering had the commitment of connecting with the other in common conjunction. In building up a â€Å"middle ground†, the French, the Britons and the Dutch heads expected different jobs trying to contain the Algonquians. For example, they played the job of the patriarch, wherein they circulated blessings, covering savage passings and interceding clashes between the Algonquian and the pilgrims or between the Algonquian and different locals. It is likewise significant that each gathering was additionally compelled to drop a few requests so as to build up and keep up the center ground (White 64). For example, the Algonquians lost a portion of their territory to the pioneers. They likewise grasped European laws, lawful disciplines, and style of power (White 66). Then again, the Europeans needed to cover demise after clashes between individuals from each gathering. For example, in certain occurrences, European merchants were assaulted and executed by Algonquian warriors, yet the French rulers would cover the passings to dodge clashes. Besides, the French was careful when managing the locals since they would not like to meddle with the religion, culture and conventions, yet they needed to present Christianity as a method of affecting the local outlooks. Clearly, the craving to present Christianity was required to be postponed until the French pioneers made certain of their streng th. In certain cases, the Algonquian would permit a portion of their individuals to confront discipline under European laws. Hence, a center ground was accomplished. All in all, White’s thought of building up a â€Å"middle ground† as a methods for communication among Europeans and Native Americans during the European attack of North America is bolstered by various chronicled facts.Advertising Searching for article on history? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More For example, history uncovers that the procedure of connection between the whites and locals occurred in an alternate way, contingent upon the common conditions. Obviously, the French-Algonquian collaboration suits White’s belief system since it advanced in the specific way the antiquarian portrays. From the intrusion of the Iroquois to the advancement of exchange and intermarriages between the French and the Algonquian, White’s thoughts are appropriate. Subsequently, some significant parts of history are noteworthy for this situation. In the first place, the locals needed to shield themselves from Iroquois attacks. They likewise needed family things. Then again, the French needed to control exchange courses, land and assets. Along these lines, this investigation uncovers that the Algonquians’ requirement for weapons, garments and utensils and the European scramble for America prompted the foundation of â€Å"middle g

Queer in the Kitchen Where Are the LGBT Food Memoirs

Queer in the Kitchen Where Are the LGBT Food Memoirs Today is  The Human Rights Campaign’s National Coming Out Day, and to celebrate we are spending the day featuring  LGBTQ+ voices. Enjoy all the posts  here! When I was starting my writing career after graduate school, I dove into food writing. I had always loved cookingâ€"planning at one point to be a chefâ€"and I gobbled up food memoirs. I sought out stories of falling in love, of knowing oneself, coming of age, developing taste, and above all, cooking. These were my people, my fellow eaters, my fellow writers. I took a quote from Kim Seversons excellent memoir,  Spoon Fed, quite to heart:  Where there was good food there were usually good people. I learned that early on. I also learned that making food for people was something I was good at. It gave me a sense of peace and belonging. When I made food, I made a tribe. I had found my tribe in the growing collection of food memoirs that lined my shelves. We were all people who cooked, people who ate. Our food choices were an important part of our stories and our identities. But there was a problemâ€"with few exceptions, Seversons book one of them, there were no LGBT people. Where were th e LGBT food memoirs? I was elated every time I saw a chefbian contestant on  Top Chef, entertaining little crushes that lasted until my contestant was eliminated from the show. There had been several lesbian chefs featured on the Food Network for years. Why hadnt there been cross-over from queer presence on food television to queer presence in food literature? I couldnt help but be frustrated. I was eager to see LGBT stories represented in a world I already loved so much. Some might beg the question, if were in it for the food, why does queerness matter? Tamar Adler makes a wonderful point in her beautiful book An Everlasting Meal, A meal is cooked by the mind, heart, and hands of the cook, not by her pots and pans. So it is on the former that I recommend focusing your investments. The person behind the food, the mind, heart, and hands has to be as important as the food being prepared. A collection of recipesâ€"just the food, maamâ€"is a cookbook; a food memoir is the story of a human. And so few of the memoirs out there were by queer humans. A colleague pointed out that food writing is a niche market, as is LGBT writing, and so perhaps the compounded niche-ness is problematic on the publishing end of things. Perhaps. Eventually I found Gabrielle Hamilton, who wrote openly about her relationship with a woman in  Blood, Bones, and Butter. And in the years since then, Molly Wizenberg has come out, filling me with hope that there will (maybe? hopefully?) be a new Wizenberg memoir on the horizon. Lucy Knisley, an LGBT writer, gave us the lovely graphic memoir  Relish. And Hannah Hart, of My Drunk Kitchen fame and the host of her own Food Network show  I Hart Food, has given us both a cookbook/memoir (the My Drunk Kitchen Cookbook) and a full-fledged memoir of her own, Buffering:  Unshared Tales of a Life Fully Loaded. And beyond straight (or not-straight, as the case may be) memoirs, we have new works from LGBT authors to be excited about.  The Cooking Gene: A Journey Through African American Culinary History  by Michael Twitty was released in August; this history of African American culinary history in the South comes from a Jewish writer of color who is also gay. His investigation of the debate of who owns Southern foodâ€"the racial and economic implications, the historical roots of the cuisine, the indelible ties to slavery, and the journey of both people and foodâ€"is an important undertaking. Its a different kind of memoir, not your usual coming of age or love story. Additionally, Julia Turshens new book,  Feed the Resistance: Recipes and Ideas for Getting Involved, is a cookbook and essay collection, featuring contributions from an array of chefs, writers, and activists. While this isnt a memoir, it does represent LGBT voices (Turshens own as well as others) in the field. But maybe thats where we have to startâ€"maybe in a search for queer voices, we must expect a queering of form and content as well? I still wish for the food memoirs of my yesteryearsâ€"the coming of age, the love story, the making of a life, the protection of family, and always, always, the food, the food, the food. Ill hope for LGBT writers to write about their lives and their appetites; Ill hope that publishers see the value in such stories, equal to that of their straight counterparts. In the meantime, Ill enjoy those old stories, as well as the new ones, the ones that challenge me in my own definition of a food memoir, a food history, a food story. Also In This Story Stream The Struggle with Stories of Queer Suffering 5 Fantastic Comics about Queer Women LGBTQ Works in the Time of Crisis 5 Books about Bisexual Women of Color 3 On A YA Theme: A Rainbow of Queer YA Genre Kryptonite: Queer Ladies Solving Crime Reading My Way Out of The Closet 7 Bisexual Protagonists I Wish I Met Growing Up An Introduction To the Queer Bookternet Great Bisexual Representation in Romance My Queer Ship Came In: Legend of Korra Giveaway: What Are the Best LGBTQ Reads for Kids? Nothing New Under The Sun How Comics Helped Me Come Out As Non-Binary View all ncod posts--> Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

The Spill That Flooded Our Hearts - 906 Words

The Spill That Flooded Our Hearts On April 20, 2010, an eruption occurred in the Gulf of Mexico. The BP oil spill, or the Gulf of Mexico spill, more than 200 million gallons of crude oil were pumped into the Gulf of Mexico for a total of 87 days, making it the biggest oil spill in U.S. history. The BP pipes were leaking oil and gas on the ocean floor about 40 miles off the coast of Louisiana. The disaster killed 11 workers and injured 17. By the time the well was capped on July 15, 2010 an estimated 3.19 million barrels of oil had leaked into the gulf. As much as 20 percent of the of the spilled oil ended up on top of the sea floor . As of 2012, the Gulf was still polluted with oil. Of the 400 miles of the Louisiana coast, approximately†¦show more content†¦Petroleum runs down the eagle that symbolizes freedom as it clenches the olive branch in one talon and thirteen arrows in the other. The American flag is represented as the eagle s breast plate to show that the United States still has glory even in traged y (MacArthur n.p). However, the Newsweek magazine uses another tactic as well. The author uses a visual appeal. Above the overpowering presidential seal, cover with oil, contains bright yellow lettering that spells out â€Å"crude awakening.† The author uses these words to depict that the bp oil spill was a great eye opener. The color yellow symbolizes a cowardly act, the author uses yellow to show that the government acted as a coward during this crisis. But however Time magazine uses similar tactics to prove a different idea. The cover of Time magazine has an appeal that depicts a wild and free pelican smothered in layers upon layers of dark oil found along the surface in the Gulf of Mexico. The pelican covered in petroleum expresses that the of an overproduction of oil on offshore rigs caused a tragedy that affected marine habitat. To appeal to their audience, this magazine cover uses other tactics. The word play used in Time magazine also to appeal to the audience by forcing them to think deeper. Right in the middle of the pelican covered in oil shows the harsh truth, in big white letters, the text reads â€Å"how to clean up the mess?† The author uses of word play to depict two ideas. One idea is how can America

The Warfare During The American Civil War - 904 Words

The conduct of warfare during the American Civil War best exemplified one characteristic of the Western way of war, which without its incorporation could have drastically changed the outcome of the war and the existence of the United States as we know it. This characteristic demonstrated is innovation. Innovation as a characteristic of the Western way of war best exemplifies the American Civil War based on the telegraph, the rifled musket and the railroad. Had the Union and United States government not leveraged the above mentioned technologies the outcome of the war could have resulted in the division of this country. From the onset of the Civil War the South possessed two advantages. One was geography and the other was that it did not have to â€Å"win† the war. The vastness of the United State presented command and control challenges and logistical challenge for both Union and Confederal forces. This before mentioned challenge played into the Confederate forces other advantage which was they could simple keep the Union forces to a draw during the war and thus ensuring their future as an independent country. For the Union forces to overcome the challenge of geography and to not result in a draw they used innovations such as the telegraph to communicate orders to Soldiers over vast distances and thus making geography and the tyranny of distance a less of an advantage for the Confederate forces. The ability for leadership to convey timely orders to their militaryShow MoreRelatedThe Guerrilla Warfare And The American Civil War1518 Words   |  7 PagesThe guerrilla warfare along the Kansas-Missouri border has generally been considered an outlier of the American Civil War. While interesting to read about, its impact on the war and on Union policies were not always important to historians. 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Trench warfare was no doubt a horrifying and awful type of warfare that caused countless non-battle deaths, yet it was necessary at the time. Without trench warfare, the war would have been a short but extremely bloody war because there was no way to combat the ferocity of the new weapons used in the war and there was no way to advance on theRead MoreThe World War I Ended1256 Words   |  6 Pagesof World War I, which pitted Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire (the so-called Central Powers) against Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy and Japan (the Allied Powers). The Allies were joined after 1917 by the United States. The four years of the Great War–as it was then known–saw unprecedented levels of carnage and destruction, thanks to grueling trench warfare and the introduction of modern weaponry such as machine guns, tanks and chemical weapons. 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The Number One Article on The Truman Show Essay Topics

The Number One Article on The Truman Show Essay Topics Type of the Truman Show Essay Topics His family members and friends are wholly paid actors. Houses are computers we dwell in. Tying home rather than traveling the world. The Do's and Don'ts of the Truman Show Essay Topics Media is found wanting on a lot of occasions. The Truman Show puts television beneath a magnifying glass, causing an intriguing social commentary for those'90s. This synonymous relationship is vital to the movie as it aids the audience understand on a more compact scale how mistreated Truman is a critical part of the movie's theme. It's the gateway past the life Truman has ever known, and beyond Truman himself. Truman's whole world is a falsity, it's. He tries to escape from Seaheavan multiple times but each time is stopped by an obstacle. Truman, obviously, believed this was real life. Because the set is an immense island, Christopher set this up so that Truman will never be in a position to leave due to his fear of plain water. He might be absolutely the most unstable actor we have. The Secret to the Truman Show Essay Topics A utopia, a best place with social perfection, can't be faked. Nowadays you have this extremely strong sense of false reality. Our reality is dependent on our personal perceptions, which could easily be altered by outside influences. It's a reality that we're unaware of and we cannot escape. The One Thing to Do for the Truman Show Essay Topics However, it appears too great to be true for one to have an ideal life with no troubles. The movie effectively used camera practices and unique effects to improve the notion that a real life with risks of pain and suffering is much better than one of safe imprisonment. Both stories depict a best community, perfect folks, perfect way of life, perfect planet, and a best lie. Together with her r ole was the significance of being up-to-date on all the most recent rodents. The movie presents a true scenario of the society we live in today. For the reason, it doesn't score a greater star score. The movie hence poses a wide number of philosophical questions, specifically managing the complications of physical and mental reality, as Truman does not have any conception or comprehension of his place amongst the planet, and thus his true identity. A good example of this being violated in the movie is when Truman would like to go to Fiji to escape his strange reality, and there aren't any plane flights until a couple of months away, so he cannot leave. One or the other is guaranteed to appease to the majority of people's tastes. The producers also print and broadcast messages of the hazards of travelling simply to keep Truman in Seahaven for the remainder of his life. These individuals will observe the world in totally different ways. Some folks envy it while others see it like a disadvantage. Descartes argues our surroundings cannot be trusted, and thus if one ever wishes to truly reach a complete comprehension of their world they need to doubt everything. But things begin to unravel. Both ways have their benefits and disadvantages. Meursault faced a great deal of things like an existentialist. Content is from the website's archived pages, as well as some other sources. Privacy isn't typically lost with one main action, but it occurs over time with several parts of information being collected and used to produce assumptions about an individual. Be certain to include your complete name on every page of your submission. Alongside her role was the value of being up-to-date on all the hottest products. Even though it may supply the media and product companies with money and a rise in business, soon, advertising gets to the point at which it's a lot more manipulating and psychologically bad for the consumer than helpful. It's built with an assistance of contemporary technology and is complex. They do so by employing advertising.

Roman Military Essay Example For Students

Roman Military Essay Roman MilitaryThe Roman army was one of the greatestforces of all times. The Roman army ,at its finest point, was nearly inconquerable. This was due to the discipline of the soldiers, the hard and effectivetraining of the soldiers, the speed at wich new tactics were learned, andto theorganization of the soldiers. From early times right down to the 3rdcentury A.D, the Roman army was based on its legions. A legion varied instrength from four-thousand to six-thousand men, and was subdivided ontoten cohorts. Its leader used the title of legatus. His staff officers werecalled tribuni. Senior non-commissioned officers were called centurions,who varied greatly in rank. The soldiers of the legion were picked men:They were all Roman citizens and received a higher pay than the auxillarytroops ,that is, foreigners who serve with the Roman army. A legion consisited of heavily armouredinfantry foot soldiers. The Roman infantry became a feared force, welldisciplined and well trained. Their weapons were two javelins each anda short thrustingsword. Cavalry was supplied by the auxilaries ,secondline troops, and was organised mainly in units of 500 men. When it was on campaigns the army wasaccompanied by a number of 7 specialists. One was the camp commandant,who was responsible for the organisation of the camp. The Romans were verycareful about their camps. No Roman army halted for a single night withoutdigging a trenches and fortifying its camp. Each soldier took his sharein establishing the camp and striking the camp the next day. Another specialistwas the quaestor, whose duty was to look after all the money matter. thenthere were the engineers and all kinds of craftsmen and artisans. Theywere responsible for siege operations and for the rather primative Romanartillery, which consisted of big catapults and complicated machinesa little like crossbows. These were mainly used for hurling big rocks andstones at the walls of a defence place. The engineers also had to buildthe moveable towers that were used in sieges. The Roman soldiers went upinside these towers so that they could see over the walls of a fortifiedplace and shoot their stones and arrows into it. The engineers also madethe scaling ladders that were used for getting over walls.

3 Cases of Superfluous Wording

3 Cases of Superfluous Wording 3 Cases of Superfluous Wording 3 Cases of Superfluous Wording By Mark Nichol Certain types of words that may be of no use nevertheless often stealthily make their way into sentences like gate crashers. In conversation, to mix metaphors, they serve as pothole fillers, meaningless placeholders that allow speakers to gather their thoughts and navigate an extemporaneous statement without stumbling before the finish line, but in writing they are expendable. The discussion after each sentence below describes why one or more words in the example do not contribute to the construction of the statement; revisions demonstrate how the sentences stand just as well without the omitted words. 1. More than half of all companies are currently pursuing some form of major information-technology transformation. Currently, which echoes the present-tense verbs it invariably is associated with, is rarely necessary or helpful; retain it only if it clarifies an ambiguous statement (in which case an alternative solution is to revise the statement to eliminate the ambiguity): â€Å"More than half of all companies are pursuing some form of major information-technology transformation.† 2. Management must then determine whether or not the activities for recording, accumulating, and summarizing material information are designed and operating effectively. Some writers don’t realize that the second and third word in â€Å"whether or not† should almost always be omitted. Others know this but automatically write it without noticing or don’t know when it is valid and when it is not. However, a simple test exists- if â€Å"whether or not† can be replaced by â€Å"regardless of whether,† the usage is valid, but if the phrase can be replaced by if, â€Å"or not† is extraneous: â€Å"Management must then determine whether the activities for recording, accumulating, and summarizing material information are designed and operating effectively.† 3. We have managed projects for both healthcare providers as well as medical-device manufacturers. Sometimes the solution is revision rather than omission. For example, in this sentence, â€Å"as well as† is redundant to both, so retain one or the other, but not both: â€Å"We have managed projects for both healthcare providers and medical-device manufacturers† or  Ã¢â‚¬Å"We have managed projects for healthcare providers as well as medical-device manufacturers.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Beautiful and Ugly Words10 Types of Transitions48 Writing Prompts for Middle School Kids

The Autobiography of Malcolm X essays

The Autobiography of Malcolm X essays The Autobiography of Malcolm X is a very powerful and moving book, which describes his early years and the AfricanAmerican struggle for freedom, justice and equality. Born in Omaha, Nebraska, Malcolm Little was the seventh of eleven children. At age six, Malcolms father was brutally murdered. As a result, his mother later suffered a nervous breakdown and Malcolm was sent to a detention home in Northern Michigan. After leaving school, in the eighth grade, he lived with a relative in Boston, Mass. He shined shoes, worked in a restaurant and on a railroad kitchen crew. In 1942, he moved to a section in New York called Harlem, where he lived as a hustler, cheating people to make money for himself. He also sold drugs and became a drug addict himself. After fleeing Harlem for his life, he ended up back in Boston where he started to rob houses with his friend Shorty and white girlfriend, Sophia. After being caught with possession of stolen goods Malcolm and Shorty were convicted of fourteen counts of robbery and sentenced to ten years in prison. While in prison, Malcolm broadened his horizons by teaching himself how to read and write better. Malcolm was also converted to the Islamic faith and was enlightened by the teachings of Allah and Mr. Elijah Muhammad. Black Muslims in America start the Nation of Islam, which fights for total separation from the White Devil. In being a Muslim, Malcolm went on a pilgrimage to the holy city Mecca where he realizes that separation is not the way to go but unity. When he returns to the United States, he separates himself from Mr. Muhammad and the Nation of Islam and starts his own mosque called Muslim Mosque Incorporated. In doing so, he angers the Nation of Islam, who I think later kill him in cold blood in front of his wife and children. At the end of his life, Malcolm was a different man, a man who saw a larger picture where people of all race and religion cou...

India's Economy and China's Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

India's Economy and China's Economy - Essay Example Looking at this view of his, let us take this stance further by discussing how the divergence and competence of the entrepreneurial forces in India has given it a slight edge over China, when it comes to facilitating environment for the entrepreneurs.. Generally speaking, China is viewed way ahead of India regarding government policy formulation and implementation. China surpasses India with its faster government policies, modern and developed infrastructures and well-versed economic policies. On the contrary, India is fuddled with slow legal processes, underdeveloped infrastructures and relatively a high rate of illiteracy. Also, the Chinese leadership is making effective steps to â€Å"isolate† China from the global downturn, plaguing many economies of the world. However, the Indian government is criticized for adopting a lumbering approach to regain its struggling economy. These discrepancies on the Indian side are reflected in the GDP figures of both the countries. As Schu man (2010) states The World Bank figures has shown that India’s gross domestic product (GDP) has increased only by 6.4% in calendar 2009, which is far short of the 8.7% rate China announced in mid-January. Although, the above discussed perspectives about both the countries’ economy may show that Chinese economy is in far better shape than India and that could augur well for Chinese entrepreneurs, it may not be the case. Firstly because, surprisingly in recent times, India is emerging as a vigorously energetic economy, as it seems to be rebounding from the global economic downturn with a stronger force. Doubtless to say, the global slowdown would bring serious problems to India, â€Å"but the country’s mood has changed fundamentally since the government began opening up the economy in 1991: fatalism has been replaced by can-do optimism.† (A Special Report, 2009). This optimism is reflected in the entrepreneurial â€Å"spheres† in India. That is, In spite of the political and social uphill, the country has started to pitch for entrepreneurialism which is hot on the air, at present. It is obvious that the entrepreneurial activities are indeed reshaping the India’s economy to a far better level. â€Å"Tarun Khanna points out that the entrepreneurial spirit is beginning to breathe new life into India’s public sector.† (Watch this Space). One of the main â€Å"catalysts† that is driving entrepreneurship in India than China is the sizable well-educated and confident young population, who want to come up with new businesses. It is evident that the current demographic profile of India would do wonders to the country’s economy. â€Å"India is now blessed with a young and growing workforce. Its dependency ratio - the proportion of children and old people to working-age adults - is one of the best in the world and will remain so for a generation†. (Indian Miracle). Although, China also has a siza ble young population, the advantage with Indian young population particularly their budding entrepreneurs is their proficiency of English language and the resultant confident approach with the Western clients. â€Å"Indian capitalism is driven by millions of entrepreneurs furiously doing ahead with this task, and thriving small businesses with many world-class ones whose English-speaking bosses network confidently with the global elite.†

London Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

London - Essay Example It augmented its populace from one million to six million in the twentieth century, and in this period, London became an international political, economic, and transaction center (Dickinson 2008, p. 78). In this condition, it was largely unchallenged until the later times of the century, when Paris and New York City started to bully its governance. However, as the city expanded in terms of richness as Britain’s property grew, London was also a city of scarcity where a significant number of people lived in congested and unhygienic areas during the 19th century. Nevertheless, the city was changed by the development of the railways (Porter 2004, p.45). A new system of municipal railways permitted the formation of outskirts in adjacent districts from which mid class and rich individuals could travel to the center. As this increased the massive outward expansion of the city, the development of greater London also exacerbated to the division of class as the rich people shifted to th e outskirts, abandoning the underprivileged to occupy the innermost city area. During the 19th century, there were various impacts that were experienced in London as a result of economic forces. For instance, being a vibrant city, long-standing jobs were altered, as new ones increased. The number of professions increased including civil engineers, clerks as well as accountants among others (Hosmer 2009, p.86). This new group, starting from the lower to the upper middle class, pushed its way between the customary skilled worker and the world of investment; it was a great overwhelming team and they offered the city much of its social and economic charisma. In the 19th century, traders who were not the most significant political team had to share privileges and power with the noble court, administration and social as well as political officials because London was not an developed focus like Manchester (Divall 2003, p. 80). The customary manufacturing section in London included the fact ory that hired the experts of the London, primarily, crafts worker in these plants who mass-produced diversity of products. However, in the beginning of the 19th century, the industrialized uprising enforced a shift to manufacturing of extravagance and user products for homegrown marketplaces. On the other hand, social and technological forces in London during the 19th century also affected differently on the lives of people; for instance, for the manual workers, industry and technology led to significant blessings in disguise (Littlefield 2012, p.42). This is because some laborers viewed their old-fashioned artisan abilities being lost as technology replaced them. A case in point was the introduction of iron shipbuilding resulted into a reduction in demand for the woodworking abilities of shipwrights. On the contrary, other people were more luck and had job opportunities established for them. For instance, the construction of the railway offered jobs for a significant number of unt rained workers as they excavated channels and cuttings or hauled away the wreckages from castigating channels in places (Christl 2009, p. 56). Accordingly, the engineers of the period of railway construction were also responsible for developing completely new talents to conquer individuals during the course of their working time. Despite the fact that, the old ship construction trades may have endured the introduction

Role And Status Of Women In The Police

Role And Status Of Women In The Police Q. Its not blatant sexism, its more like a sexual undercurrent (Female Police Officer cited in Foster et al. 2005). From your reading of the broader research literature, how well does this statement describe police working culture? Review the implications of your answer for the role and status of women in the police. I do not wish them (women) to have power over men, but over themselves. Women have historically played the role of the protected not the protector. The police force is historically a male orientated domain. Policing was seen as a job allocated to tough, manful acts of crime-fighting and thief-taking. This lent itself to a male, macho culture in which women played no part. As aptly put by Malcolm Young, the opportunities for women are constrained by hierarchies of dominance in which the masculine view prioritizes. For this reason gender is a difficult concept in the masculine culture it creates. For the few women who did enter into this male club they were assigned to station duties as opposed to pounding the street. The initial idea of policing was strongly linked to masculinity, historically males were responsible for physical labour and protection of the family. Women have had to fight hard against this stereotype and it is an uphill struggle they seem still to be fighting today, h owever with the emergence of this discrimination brought forth by the Stephen Lawrence tragedy, policing has come under tight scrutiny. In order to fully examine whether there is discrimination towards women in the police force there needs to be a discussion on womens history, outlining any progress over the years, and experience in modern day policing. This will uncover the dominance of any discrimination and the steps taken to counter it. Before any such analysis can take place there must be analysis into what constitutes an undercurrent. Is it present if one officer said something weekly, should it be rather a group of officers and what is the frequency of this behaviour? conversely what is the definition of blatant sexism. Is it blatant if the comment is directed straight to a women about an issue solely related to women, quote about period. Also can this be said to be sexism as a concept or simply miss placed humour? Blatant is defined as, without any attempt at concealment; completely obvious. These two ideas are not easily categorised, they appear to have a fluid quality rather than definite perimeters. In order to understand these things as a concept there needs to be an examination of modern and past policing and the resulting experiences. Women being fully integrated into the police force is a recent development. Previously women police officers were a separate part of the police. Margaret Damer Dawson, an anti-white slavery campaigner, and Nina Boyle, a militant suffragette journalist founded the Women Police Service in 1914. This was made up of women volunteers and it was not until 1930, women police were fully attested and given limited powers of arrest. In 1969 the womens branch of officers was dissolved in anticipation of the Equal Pay Act. Despite this women police were still treated as a separate section of the service. Women were not completely integrated into the police force until 1973. This suggests any discrimination faced by women may not be direct as could be seen towards women in the army, where women are excluded from positions which require face-to-face combat with the enemy. There has been legislation put in place to help with this integration but despite the apparent willingness to treat women as eq uals there may still be an undercurrent of sexism throughout the force. The first step seen to integrate women in the UK was the Sex Discrimination Act 1975. This Act made it unlawful to discriminate against women, either directly or indirectly, in the field of employment. It seemed optimistic at best to think that one act of parliament could change a history of discrimination and ingrained ideas about gender. The male culture was not keen for radical change from their conservative origins. This prevalent masculine culture is shown from a quote taken after the legislation was passed from sergeant Sheena Thomas, before I was promoted, a senior officer told me that once I remembered I was a mere woman and not police officer, I would get on far better. A challenge to the male dominated structure was not welcome making application not openly enforced. The history of policing is important in discussing modern policing as it allows for a better understanding of society ideals, as Reiner said, An understanding of how police officers see the social world and the ir role in it cop culture is crucial to an analysis of what they do and their broad political function. In recent statistics a division between women and male officers is prominent in not only the amount of female officers but also in promotional positions. According to the official statistics dated 31st March 2009 across England and Wales, women are not a particularly well represented group in the police force. The number of full time officers reached 141,647, out of these 32.8% were female police officers. This illustrates how women are still a minority group in the police force however there is further data that may give more weight to a claim of sexism in police practice. Women, in the same year of statistical data, were also shown to be under represented in positions of authority in the police. Examples are as follows; Male Female Total percentage Chief superintendent 448 60 508 12% Superintendent 938 120 1,058 11% However at the lowest position there is a greater equality in distribution; Male Female Total percentage Constable 79,430 30,801 110,231 28% The difference in numbers between women and men in the powerful positions could relate to the lower numbers of women applying to the police force. The question has to be asked is why are so few women applying to the force? There could be many reasons why women do not apply to the force, the obvious issue which stands out when thinking about police work and the gender divide is the nature of the work. This is generally thought to be male orientated due to the notion of the physical aspect attached to the job and the danger involved in it. Womens bodies have become a way of defining their readiness for the job. The idea of women as weak creatures is reflected in the police force, mainly in regard to physical strength. This presumed weakness reflects both physical and mental readiness, for the crime fighting nature of the job. In reality however this stereotypical idea of what police work involves may not be representative of reality. Much of police work involves administration and petty crime prevention, it is not the fast pace, dangerous profession TV may imply. For this reason it is hard to see why any physical differences between male and females should make a real difference in the active duty of a p olice officer, self image of the police is that of crime-fighters and this is not just a distortion of what they do, it is virtually a collective delusion Another aspect that leads the police to a more male orientated idea is the offenders with which they deal. As the majority of crimes are committed by men the job lends itself to male officers. This is to do with matching strength, males are seen as the stronger of the two and viewed as better equipped to deal with male offenders. The above statistics show that women are under represented in the police force, but what of the distribution of males and females in positions of power, does the unequal distribution reflect the smaller numbers of women in the force or sexual discrimination? The ratio of men to women in the constable role almost parallels the percentage of the overall police force between women and men, at 28%. This cannot be said of the higher positions. For example the total number of superintendents is merely 11%. This percentage discrepancy between males and females in positions of authority does not match that of the lower ranks, making me more inclined to agree with Sandra and her opinion of womens promotional opportunities: once recruited, their road to the top is certainly a greasy pole'. Research which supports this claim is evident over the years. Kinsey (1985) took empirical evidence in Merseyside that showed 43% of officers under 30 on station duty (least prestigious job) were women. Coffey, Brown and Savage (1992) showed findings that women were under represented in many special departments and totally absent from others. Brown, Maidment and Bull (1992) researched deployment patterns of women police officers which showed that they gravitated towards low frequency labour intensive specialised tasks. An example given for such tasks was supporting rape victims. Anderson, Brown and Campbell said women officers are limited in the amount and type of experiences they are able to gain. This in turn affects their job satisfaction and may inhibit their promotion prospects. That fewer women than men achieve promotion in turn can reinforce male stereotype about womens abilities Research had shown that women feel undermined and undervalued by the predominantly male, heterosexual culture. They felt that their roles in the team were often restricted and that they had to work a great deal harder than their male counterparts to prove themselves. As one officer said, the only thing I can do is just put my head down, work hard and prove myself. Which is depressing, but its reality isnt it. The only way I can earn respect is to work harder than everybody else. This apparent sexual discrimination has not managed to escape the courts when in 1992 Alison Halford, who was the highest ranked serving female officer with the position of assistant chief constable, pursued a sexual discrimination case against Merseyside police Authority. This was a high profile case widely reported in the media about Alison not getting a promotion she felt she deserved after nine attempts to secure the job. The case resulted in a victory and subsequently encouraged other women to take action and in that same year a number of other cases were reported in the media. . However for some it was seen as a step backwards when one senior female police officer said, It has not improved the image of the police and for that reason I wonder whether it has not ultimately damaged the cause of equal opportunities. The case did not go unnoticed with three female duty Chief Constables being appointed by 1994 and the first women Chief Constable, Pauline Clare, who headed the Lancash ire Police Having analysed the recruitment of women into the police and some of the reasons why fewer women go on to join the force than men it leads us to discuss the experiences of women who become policewomen. The police are nested in society so it could be said the female role in society, reflects their role in the police. By this I refer to women not being allow to join the front line of the army or other protective stances society takes towards women. In the research by Wersch it was found that women were associated with suspect specialisms which was known as warm, fuzzy policing. This reflects the idea of protecting women from the harder crimes, which involved more danger, by limiting their roles within the force. So does this mean that roles in the police force are gendered or simply that women find this sort of work easier than their male counterparts? In a US study by Miller it was concluded that women find it not only more comfortable to deal with the image of social work, the touchy -feely type tasks it involved, but were also better at that particular type of job. However it appears that a general statement such as this is sweeping in its assumption that all women as a category find this work comfortable. Many women in the police force feel there is no choice being assigned duties based on their gender and however hard they tried to be just one of the boys all had to face questions about their role and status. The aforementioned need to be one of the boys has been researched as a coping mechanism in order to be treated on a equal footing as their male counter parts. Women feel pressure by the macho culture to either get on with the job given or take on the characteristics of their male counterparts, macho characteristics. Both this idea and that of promotional opportunities are seen in the writing on Malcolm Young, Women who do breach the boundary to penetrate this masculine world can only ever be partially successful and will often have to subsume male characteristics to achieve even limited social acceptability. This apparent adoption of masculine qualities make women who stay in the force, tolerated almost as honorary men. The idea was excellently summarised by Ehrlich-Martin (1980) by identifying strategies of POLICEwomen or policeWOMEN, the choice between fulfilling their traditional role associated with women in society or adopting the male culture. However even women who do not adop t these characteristics and instead opt for traditionally female posts have a hard time. A male officer described a female officers work in the schools liaison department, No cold Saturday nights working the town and lots of school holidays what does she do when the kids are off? (male PC 1994). Women appear to be at a disadvantage no matter what road they choose. Discrimination within the police force came to a head with the tragedy of Steven Lawrence sparking great debate about discrimination within society. Steven was a young black youth who was killed by a group of white youths. The police inquiry was said to be led by racial discrimination and initiated an inquiry. The Stephen Lawrence inquiry led to an exclusion of racial language in the force. For many this was reduced through risk of being disciplined rather than a change in attitude. It was said by a PC in site 7 that officers did not use racist language because it was too risky: Too many people are scared of not grassing you up. This would suggest that without changing attitude through education and understanding the once canteen culture will be driven under ground and felt in less overt forms of discrimination. This infamous inquiry led to a close scrutiny of the force and a home Officer research project entitled Assessing the impact of the Stephen Lawrence Inquiry . The main aim of which was to evaluate the impact of the inquiry, examining the changes it made and the relationships within the force. While it recognised progress made such as the recording, monitoring and responses to hate crime and the general excision of racist language from the police service, there was evidence that these developments were not employed uniformly across the force. The inquiry drew out, not only the structural dimensions of the police in relation to women, but also their treatment day to day through the observational nature of the research. Its clear that structurally the force is kinder to the male in terms of numbers and promotional opportunities but what of the day to day treatment women face. The Stephen Lawrence inquiry was said by many police officers to have removed the workplace banter with one officer saying, you cant have a laugh and a joke like you could However for many minority groups and women this was not a negative thing as they often found themselves on the end of such banter. One female officer stated she, developed quite a hard skin. The issue relating to the womens responses to the question, in my option, lies in the question itself. So what is this banter and does it in fact reflect a sexism undertone. This idea of humiliation was identified in Chaplins work by saying that with pre-existing social structures, defining women as domestic beings and men in the public sphere is enhanced in the police force creating social conflict and humiliation. Policewomen are often on the end of so called banter whi ch reflects their body or that of women around them. The body of women are discussed, measured and laughed at. It is ogled and lusted over, sneered at, ridiculed, drooled over and constrained into a repressed form. Women are seen as over sensitive creatures meaning women feel to complain about this banter between work colleagues would be to reaffirm the male suspicion. Evidence of this is shown in Malcolm Youngs research when he states that, In the 300 nicknames in my fieldname collection, those relating to women almost always symbolize size and ugliness or fasten onto an allegedly sexual potency. Much of the research on this subject agree that there is sexism in the police with the discussion centring around the degree of its prominence however this is not a completely accepted view. Criticism has been made of some literature based on their assumption that police sub-culture is the principal guide to action Waddington argues that this overlooks wider culture, which in turn makes police culture not an insular idea, but a reflection of stories, myths and anecdotes of their wider culture Although much of his other arguments appear unfounded this does strike a cord concerning what annotation the term brings up. Perhaps as Janet Chan said, police culture has become a convenient label for a range of negative values, attitudes and practice norms among officers. This term, by way of its implied expectations of behaviour, causes people who have had no experience with the police to become armchair critics, overlooking the honest, polite, non-violent, non-racist and non-sexist officers evidently in the force. Any marginalisation in the police appears to stem from societies traditional role of women. With the police being nested in society and many of the officers being working class males from lower class backgrounds it appears less of a blatant sexism and more of a lack of education and social upbringing. Sexism cannot be said to be blatant due to the progress of womens integration into the police force. However there is clearly some form of sexual undercurrent stemming from promotional opportunities available to female officers and the banter they experience in everyday work. With society changing there is a new perception as to a women and their place and abilities, so as to womens future in the police I would be inclined to look on it favourably recognising a better understanding in society as a whole. With the emergence of new police officers there will hopefully be a change in stereotypical views of women, through better education and understanding. Throughout this analysis women ha ve been seen as a category and not individuals, perhaps it is in this generalisation that the problem finds it routes, Because I am a woman, I must make unusual efforts to succeed. If I fail, no one will say, She doesnt have what it takes. They will say, Women dont have what it takes.

Alcoholism is a Disease Essay -- essays research papers

Alcoholism has been a problem throughout the history of humanity, a disease which has caused many people to be overcome with burdens, problems, and debts. Alcoholism is a term that is widely recognized throughout the United States and the World. Alcoholism is a chronic disease, progressive and often fatal; it is a disorder and not due to other diseases or emotional problems. Many scientists have tried to define what Alcoholism is, and what this disease may be rooted from. Some people would argue that alcoholism is simply the over-consumption of alcohol, this statement is only somewhat true. An alcoholic is a person who relies on alcohol as a medium to help him or her deal with physical, emotional, or spiritual needs. To understand alcoholism, it must first be understood what this affliction is dependent on. Alcohol is a substance that is made by the fermentation of fruits, grains, or miscellaneous other organic materials. The chemical, alcohol, is a depressant and acts on every cell in the human body. Due to this, the central nervous system, along with the pleasure centers of the brain, are affected resulting in a feeling of euphoria and a sense of well being. After repeated exposure, the brain becomes dependent on this drug to unburden itself whenever it feels the compulsion. Several factors that contribute to alcoholism are the individual’s psychology, genetics, culture, and the individual’s response to physical pain. In order to understand alcoholism, we must first de...

Comparisons of The Parthenon in Athens and the Pantheon in Rome Essay

The Parthenon and the Pantheon are temples built by ancient peoples are alike in so many ways but dissimilar in others.  Ã‚   Both were built to honor the Gods of their builders. The Parthenon built by the Greeks in Athens and the Pantheon in Rome built by the Romans.   On first looking at the buildings, the Parthenon is rectangular and the Pantheon primarily circular.  Ã‚   The Parthenon is built of white marble blocks; the Pantheon is built of concrete and was only faced in marble.   Concrete was a Roman invention and came after the Greek civilization.   Both structures were built to honor Gods.   The Greek structure was built to honor Athena, patron of Athens, Athena Parthenos; the Roman structure was built to honor all the Gods in their pantheon of deities.   Both structures were lighted by only natural light of the sun.   The Parthenon was illuminated only by light coming in through the open doors at the front of the temple.   The Pantheon was lighted by illumination coming in through a circular opening in the ceiling called the oculus.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Parthenon in Athens was built according to the Doric order.   The Pantheon was built to the Corinthian order.   The three orders being Doric, Ionic and Corinthian.   Doric is the most simple or the types and Corinthian the most ornate. It is said that one can tell plain to fancy by the syllables.   Doric having one syllable, Ionic two and Corinthian three. Roman architecture coming after the Greek, it is generally acknowledged that the Roman architecture was derived from the Greek as were most of the Roman Gods, but they refined and added to both to get them Roman.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As for the architectural elements of the buildings, the Parthenon is basically a rectangle with slab on column architecture.   The Pantheon, a Greek word meaning â€Å"all the Gods†, by the way, is a product of Roman advanced architecture with the arch (a Roman invention) made into a dome (essentially an arch completely turned round on its central axis).   The front is a barrel vault (an arch, repeated endlessly on the central axis), attached to the dome.   Both structures have columns, but on both structures they are plain.   The Doric column is a round plain shaft, but on the Pantheon they are plain by choice.   The ordinary Corinthian column most often being fluted.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another distinctive feature of the Pantheon is the dome.   An invention of the much later Romans is heavier at the base.   The dome is made of cement wider and heavier at the base with progressive thinness graduating toward the top.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Both structures have had multiple uses since its completion.   Both have been reported being built for worship.   That factor has been debated for centuries.   The Parthenon could have been a treasury.  Ã‚   With each succeeding conquering entity, the use of the building changed.   As with the Parthenon, the Pantheon uses have changed.   Most notably, from pagan temple to Catholic church.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although both buildings are from the Classical period, both buildings survived into the 20th century.   The Pantheon being built of concrete and so fireproof, survived in better condition.   Both structures in their time were used as marble quarries for the conquering entity of the time.   Sculpture was taken from both also.  Ã‚   Enough remains of the structures with descriptions of each through all their existence, to give a picture of them the moment completion was finished.   Enough remains of each, to give a picture of how magnificent they looked in their time, to the people that conceived and built them. References: Sullivan, MA. Images of The Pantheon. March 21, 2007 Platner, SB and Ashby, T.   A  Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, London: Oxford University Press, 1929.   March 21, 2007 < http://penelope.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  uchicago.edu /Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Pantheon.html> The British Museum. The Parthenon. March 22, 2007 The Parthenon.   March 22, 2007 The Parthenon. March 22, 2007 The Parthenon. March 22, 2007   

The Doomed Journey of Panfilo de Narvaez in Florida

Panfilo de Narvaez (1470-1528) was born to an upper-class family in Vallenda, Spain. Although he was older than most Spaniards who sought their fortunes in the New World, he nevertheless was extremely active in the early conquest period. He was an important figure in the conquests of Jamaica and Cuba in the years between 1509 and 1512. He acquired a reputation for ruthlessness; Bartolome de Las Casas, who was a chaplain on the Cuba campaign, recounted horrible tales of massacres and chiefs being burned alive. In Pursuit of Cortes In 1518, the governor of Cuba, Diego Velazquez, had sent the young conquistador Hernan Cortes off to Mexico to begin the conquest of the mainland. Velazquez soon regretted his actions, however, and decided to place someone else in charge. He sent Narvaez, with a large force of more than 1,000 Spanish soldiers, to Mexico to take command of the expedition and send Cortes back to Cuba. Cortes, who was in the process of defeating the Aztec Empire, had to leave the recently subdued capital of Tenochtitlan to return to the coast to fight Narvaez. The Battle of Cempoala On May 28, 1520, the forces of the two conquistadores clashed at Cempoala, near present-day Veracruz, and Cortes won. Many of Narvaez’s soldiers deserted before and after the battle, joining Cortes. Narvaez himself was jailed in the port of Veracruz for the next two years, while Cortes retained control of the expedition and the vast wealth that came with it. A New Expedition Narvaez returned to Spain after being released. Convinced that there were more wealthy empires like the Aztecs to the north, he mounted an expedition that was doomed to become one of the most monumental failures in history. Narvaez got permission from King Charles V of Spain to mount an expedition into Florida. He set sail in April of 1527 with five ships and about 600 Spanish soldiers and adventurers. Word of the riches earned by Cortes and his men made finding volunteers easy. In April 1528, the expedition landed in Florida, near present-day Tampa Bay. By then, many of the soldiers had deserted, and only about 300 men remained. Narvaez in Florida Narvaez and his men clumsily made their way inland, attacking every tribe they met. The expedition had brought insufficient supplies and survived by pillaging meager Native American storehouses, which caused violent retaliation. The conditions and lack of food caused many in the company to become ill, and within a few weeks, a third of the members of the expedition were severely incapacitated. The going was tough because Florida was then full of rivers, swamps, and forests. The Spanish were killed and picked off by irate natives, and Narvaez made a series of tactical blunders, including frequently dividing his forces and never seeking allies. The Mission Fails The men were dying, picked off individually and in small groups by native attacks. Supplies had run out, and the expedition had alienated every native tribe it had encountered. With no hope to establish any sort of settlement and with no help coming, Narvaez decided to abort the mission and return to Cuba. He had lost touch with his ships and ordered the construction of four large rafts. The Death of Panfilo de Narvaez It is not known for certain where and when Narvaez died. The last man to see Narvaez alive and tell of it was Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca, a junior officer of the expedition. He recounted that in their final conversation, he asked Narvaez for help -- the men on Narvaezs raft were better fed and stronger than those with Cabeza de Vaca. Narvaez refused, basically saying â€Å"every man for himself,† according to Cabeza de Vaca. The rafts were wrecked in a storm and only 80 men survived the sinking of the rafts; Narvaez was not among them. The Aftermath of the Narvaez Expedition The first major incursion into present-day Florida was a complete fiasco. Of the 300 men who landed with Narvaez, only four ultimately survived. Among them was Cabeza de Vaca, the junior officer who had asked for help but received none. After his raft sunk, Cabeza de Vaca was enslaved by a local tribe for several years somewhere along the Gulf Coast. He managed to escape and meet up with three other survivors, and together the four of them returned overland to Mexico, arriving some eight years after the expedition landed in Florida. The animosity caused by the Narvaez expedition was such that it took the Spanish years to establish a settlement in Florida. Narvaez has gone down in history as one of the most ruthless yet incompetent conquistadors of the colonial era.